n the historical course of culture and civilization, art and the visual media have provided significant materials and intermediaries for the survival and raising of the level of human consciousness. One of the examples of this application, is the use of human imagery as a metaphorical sign in ancient art works. Regarding this issue, the purpose of this study is to examine the role of activist human beings in Jiroft Chlorite Vessels, with emphasis on visual elements and values as well as inspirational concepts. This research is based on a descriptive-analytical method, relying on library sources in response to these questions: 1. what are the characteristics of the role of activist human through visual reading of Jiroft Chlorite Vessels? 2. What are the concepts of the role of activist human represented in Jiroft Chlorite Vessels with regard to visual analysis? The initial finding of the writers is that the repetition of the role of man in semantic system of the works of Jiroft and the focus of its existence in relation to other beings, are the result of mankind’ s god-like thinking, the symbol of the dualities of the human soul, humanitarian totalitarianism associated with the roots of common beliefs. Secondly, due to the multiple interactions between human elements, these symbolisms are created by designing a visual and special form to indoctrinate the concepts of human-hero and by using the primordial human percepts of a powerful human being that is not merely individual and specific to artists of Jiroft or inspired by their inner inspirations, but is universal as well. The role of the activist human is one of the greatest symbolic visual manifestations in Jiroft's works, which enables them to visualize the horizons of human history in ancient Iran. Jiroft's artist has an ontological approach to his world, and in the end, he has fashioned such creations that show the theme of human thinking in the Bronze Age. The visual connection in the creation of motifs by activist human is a mental and practical effort through the proper utilization of various visual elements and qualities in order to make a connection between the form and the concept. The semantic susceptibility and visual beauty of Jiroft's motifs have been remarkable in expressing the subject and decoration, and in combination with the creator's awareness of individual aesthetics and nature, they have promoted the quality of art and the creation of insignificant designs. In fact, the images of the nature in that period are derived from the fact that the artist has explained the position of man in the nature and environment of his life. The artist's purpose seems to be the recall of the human role in the mind of the viewer through the repetition of man-made heroes. This dual concept can be derived from the early human hierarchies of mankind-hero as a man of action or superior force, probably with the aim of stabilizing human standing in nature or inspiration from the role of man in the ordinary way in the universe. It seems that the Jiroft artist has an ontological approach to his world, and has made such creations that are full of mythological symbols and the theme of the human thinking in the Bronze Age. The sequencing of the role of the human being can also be attributed to the inspiration of the creators to insinuate certain mythical, religious themes. The symbol of activist human beings along with other symbols contains the common concept of the combination of opposites, such as life and death, symbolic implications, such as displaying the natural realm of human life, cosmic features, and the god of a human species-hero, as a ruler over the mountains with symbols of nature like stars and moon. The scenes of the struggle between man and animal in nature are also a show of two contradictory and complementary powers that seem to be in an endless struggle, and in a symbolic state, they intend to build their supernatural powers. In spite of the combination of different animal members in the body of imaginative creatures, human bodies appear to be active and muscular. The visual association in the creation of man-made motifs is the result of a mental effort through the proper utilization of various visual elements in order to link the form and the concept. In this regard, inspired by the early prototypes of the powerful man, the symbolic concepts and the god of the species, such as the absolute ruler, human, hero, are created immensely frequent; however, despite the artist's success in applying actual faces and the combination of human actors as a central element in the system of Jiroft's works, there is no specific concept in the various creations of these symbols, and although they are beautiful in terms of type and meaning, they provoke different forms of thought in the mind of the audience.

All samples of Shanderman eclogites contain amphibole, epidote group minerals and Chlorite as retrograde phases. Amphiboles show zoning with high FeO and Al2O3 content at the rims and high MgO in the cores in some samples. In these samples, the amphibole compositions vary from tremolitic hornblende to tschermakite and edenitic hornblende from core to rim, respectively. Amphibole inclusions in zoisite have similar composition to matrix amphiboles and show tremolitic hornblende nature. Epidotes include both zoisite and clinozoisite existing in all samples. They show zoning and have high Al2O3 content in the core and high FeO content at the rims. Pistasite content in the core is 0.09% and at the rim is 0.17%. Plagioclase is enriched in Na and is almost pure albite endmember. Chlorites are MgO rich and are of Repidolite and Brunsvigite types. They show FeMg-1 and tschermakitic substitutions. Fe/Mg distribution coefficient among amphibole and Chlorite for the cores of the minerals is around 0.5 and for the rims is 1. Thermobarometry of zoned amphiboles show that these minerals are grown from core to rim due to an increase in temperature and pressure. 

The chemical composition of Chlorite group minerals show that physicochemical condition of crystallization and their formation. The chemical analysis of Chlorite from biotite alteration has done based on 30 points of 8 rock samples by electron microprobe. The composition of Chlorite samples is located in repidolite-pychnoChlorite domain. The mole fraction in the interlayer phase, range from 0. 97 to 0. 99, indicating a complete lack of smectite layers and purity of Chlorite. Calculation of the structural formula of Chlorites in Malvak area show that the number of silicon atoms are in the range of 2. 64 to 2. 91 (apfu) and the sum of the octahedral cations are 6 (apfu). Chlorites of the Malvak area are trioctahedral type. The low titanium content of Chlorites, the presence of titanium minerals coexite with Chlorite cleavage, and the presence of early biotite crystals are evidence of biotite to Chlorite alteration. The mean temperature of Chlorites in the Malvak area is 340 º C, which corresponds to the temperature obtained with the geothermometry of biotite-altered to Chlorites. Mesothermal type fluids from the granitoid mass in the study area have been effective in Chlorite occurrence. Also, regional metamorphism has played an important role in the Chlorite formation.

A new sodium Chlorite-iodine-methyl acetoacetate chemical oscillatory reaction was studied using UV-vis spectrophotometric method. The initial concentrations of methyl acetoacetate, sodium Chlorite, iodine, sulfuric acid, and the pH value have great influence on the oscillation observed at wavelength of 585 nm. There is a pre-oscillatory or induction period; the amplitude and the number of oscillations are associated with the initial concentration of reactants. The equations for the I3 −– starch complex reaction rate changing with reaction time and the initial concentrations in the oscillation stage were obtained. The time of induction period decreases with the initial concentration of methyl acetoacetate or sulfuric acid, and increases with the initial concentration of sodium Chlorite. A good linear relationship exists. Oscillatory reaction can be accelerated by increasing temperature. The apparent activation energies in terms of the induction period and the oscillation period were 114.28 and 64.92 kJ/mol, respectively. It may indicate that the two stages have different reaction mechanisms. The reaction of producing enol isomer by keto-enol tautomerism is an important step to constrain the time of induction period.

Background and purpose: Aim of this research is to study the effect of bridging collateral Vessels (BCVS) on the success of coronary angioplasty in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). In coronary angioplasty of CTO cases, categorizing of lessions characteristics can be helpful in evaluation of success in angioplasty. There are controversies about the role of BCVS in the rate of angioplasty success in OTC cases.Materials and methods: Seventy seven patients with angioplasty done in CTO lesions were selected for study, and divided in two groups. In the first group comprising of 97 patients, there was BCVS, and the second group (50 patients) had no BCVS.Results: Success was achieved in 11 patients from Group II (40.7% vs 82% p=0.0002 with relative risk of 3.9, and confidence interval of 95%, (1.7 to 6.4). Of 52 patients with successful angioplasty, rate of success with estimation of less than three months occlusion was more in patients with occlusion for more than three months (63.5% vs 47.5%), p=0.0001 and relative risk of 1.8, with confidence interval of 95%, (1.3 to 2.6). Presence of a side branch at the distance of ≥ 2mm to the occlusion point has been one of the predictor factors for unsuccessful angioplasty (p=0.0007, relative risk 2.9, with confidence interval of 95%, (1.5 to 5.6).Conclusion: Presence of some morphological variables in CTO during angioplasty of coronary Vessels may be helpful in guiding successful angioplasty. One of them is presence of BCVS which seems to have inverse relation to the rate of successful angioplasty.

Temperature determination of formation of hydrothermal or deposites and related alteration zone is an important prospecting tool. Geothermometery, using secondary Chlorite is a suitable method for indicting temperature for different types of alteration.Application of this method to alteration zone in NW Zanjan, east of Mianeh and south of Khalkhal, gives temperatures of 340-365oC, 330-355oC, 315-325oC and 290-305oC for the sericitic, advanced argillic, moderate argillic, propylitic zone prospectively.Studied Chlorite is repidolite. Estimation of temperature based on fluid inclusion studies are in good agreement with temperature obtained from Chlorite thermometry. Therefore application of both of these methods is suggested for temperature estimation.

The main aim of this paper is to identify the formation environment and the physicochemical conditions of Chlorite minerals in Dalayon area by their mineralogical and geochemical features (Ciesielczuk, 2002). The geochemical characteristics, mineralogical and formation mechanism of granitic rocks can be investigated using the biotite hydrothermal alteration to Chlorite (Morad et al., 2011). The temperature data obtained from Chlorite geo-thermometry can be compared with the data obtained through fluid inclusion (Cathelineau and Nieva, 1985,Kordi and Shahrokhi, 2021,Shahrokhi, 2021). Regional Geology Dalayoun area is located in the east of Drood city and is a small part of Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphosed zone. Lithologically, the oldest units belonging to the Upper Triassic-Jurassic and are including a relatively uniform sequence of slate, schists with siliceous veins and veinlets, and cordierite and sillimanite mica schists along with black hornfelses and metamorphosed sandstones. (Shahrokhi, 2002). Materials and Methods In order to study the mineralogical and geochemical composition of Chlorites in the area of study, 10 thin-polish sections were studied. In addition to, chemical analyses of 10 samples by XRD method and 20 points by EPMA of Chlorite mineral as well as the study of the fluid inclusion on 3 quartz mineral samples were carried out. The structural formula was calculated based on 14 oxygens for Chlorite. Petrography, Mineral chemistry, Whole rocks chemistry The intrusive bodies in the studied area have infiltrated volcanic and metamorphic rocks (Shahrokhi, 2020). Based on field Geology and microscopic studies, the mineralogy of these rocks includes quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, microcline and Chlorite as the main minerals and biotite, muscovite, apatite, garnet, rutile, leucoxene, titanium minerals, sphene and zircon as the secondary minerals. Chlorite can be seen in the form of coarse crystals, needles and very narrow in the background of the rocks, and they have been replaced in the remains of crystalline molds of the primary biotite type. Based on this, it can be said that the transformation of biotite to Chlorite is associated with the depletion of K2O and the reduction of SiO2 which gave rise to the formation of potassium feldspar (Czamanske et al., 1988). Completely rutile and sphene crystalline can be seen in the process of Chlorite cleavage. The presence of a small amount of garnet in the form of crystalline and cubic indicates low pressure or poor magnesium in the primary rock (Yardley, 1989). Also, the study of polished sections shows the presence of minerals such as pyrite, hematite, corundum and Au. The amount of pyrite and gold increases when approaching granodiorites, which can indicate the effect of intrusive bodies and post-magmatic fluids in mineralization in these rocks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogical study shows that the most important variation in Chlorite is in Dalayon area. The main minerals in the host rock include Chlorite, quartz, muscovite, illite, microcline, and secondary minerals are rutile and biotite. It can be concluded that biotite has been transformed into Chlorite in the presence of hot fluids containing Fe and Mg. With the help of Fe2+/ (Fe2++Mg2+) versus 2*Si diagram (Pflumio, 1991) and also the Si content of Dalayon Chlorites is of ripidolite-pychnoChlorite type and show the presence of iron-bearing Chlorites. The amount of Si indicates the purity of Chlorites, and the very small amounts of calcium and also the amount of Xc points to the absence of smectite and the high purity of Chlorites (Lori et al., 1988). The very low Ti content of Chlorites and the presence of rutile, sphene, and leucoxene indicate that the Ti content of primary biotite is formed secondarily in the form of Ti-bearing minerals and in the form of thin blades parallel to the Chlorite cleavage and orthogonal to it (Czamanske, 1988,Parry and Downey, 1982). Considering that the sum of octahedral cations in the samples is very close to 6, which indicates that all octahedral sites are occupied by divalent cations and are of triple octahedral type (Xie et al., 1997). Although the existence of a vacancy cannot be proven with certainty (Jiang et al., 1994), but with the help of the structural formula of ideal Chlorite, the vacancy is calculated as 0. 26-0. 66 apfu (Xie et al., 1997). Discussion The formation conditions of Chlorite reflect its structure and chemical composition and can be used as a geothermometer (Jiang et al., 1994). The crystallization temperature of Chlorites with the help of T-Al (IV) diagram (Cathelineau, 1988) is in the range of 379⁰C-305⁰C, with an average of 353⁰C and does not show much change. As the available data, display it can be said that by moving away from the granitoid intrusive bodies, the formation temperature of Chlorites decreases. Therefore, the points located in the far area and in the metamorphic rocks with ore have a lower formation temperature. The existence of an inverse correlation between the crystallization temperature of Chlorites and their silica content can be due to the substitution of silica instead of aluminum. The fluid inclusion studies on the quartz mineral co-growing with the Chlorites of the Dalayon area shows the thermal range of homogenization between 305 and 384 ⁰C with an average of 345. 6⁰C, which is consistent with the temperature of formation obtained through thermometric Chlorites and indicates the effectiveness of the thermometer by Chlorites. The fluid inclusions studies and Chlorite thermometry show the influence of mesothermal or orogenic hydrothermal fluids in the formation of Chlorite and placement within the skarn range, which confirms each other and is consistent with mineralogical studies and field observations. Overall., the formation of Chlorite under study at a temperature equivalent to the high temperature of the hydrothermal stage of granites demonstrates the influence of hot fluids derived from the granitic magma and the metamorphic function in the formation of Chlorite.

Chloritoid is crystallised with Chlorite, white mica and garnet in Chlorite zone metapelites of the regional metamorphic rocks of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt in southern Iran. Chemistry of coexisting minerals is studied using microprobe analysis. Application of the Chlorite-chloritoid geothermometry gives temperatures of 515°C and 557°C. The Chlorite-garnet Fe-Mg exchange geothermometer indicates temperatures between 442°C and 460°C for various pressures. A comparison of the results from two geothermometers, along with a study of mineral assemblages in the rocks show that the Chlorite-chloritoid thermometer overestimates the temperature by about 70°C.

Background: In angioplasty of chronic total occlusion categorizing lesion characteristics may be useful for their impact on procedural success. There is controversy about the role of bridging collateral Vessels in chronic total occlusion procedural outcome. This study investigated the effect of bridging collateral Vessels on the success of coronary angioplasty in  patients with chronic total occlusions.Methods: Seventy seven consecutive patients undergoing coronary angioplasty for chronic total occlusion were classified into two groups. Group I patients had chronic total occlusion with bridging collateral Vessels (27 patients), and patients in group II had not such Vessels (50 patients). Results: Procedural success was achieved in 11 patients in group I and in 41 patients in group II (40.7% vs 82%; P=0.0002; relative risk 3.9; 95% confidence interval 1.7-6.4). Of 52 patients with successful results than patients with ≥3 months (63.5% vs 47.5%; P= 0.0001; relative risk 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.6). Presence of a side branch of ≤2mm at occlusion point was a predictor of unsuccessful result (p=0.007; relative risk 2.9;95% confidence confidence interval 1.5-5.6). Conclusion: There are some morphologic variables which may be useful in guiding angioplasty in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion . presence of bridging collateral Vessels is one of them , which appear to be inversely related to procedural success.

Sarkuh porphyry copper deposit is located 180 km west of Kerman province, 6 km southwest of Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper mine in the northeast of Pariz city. Considering geological divisions, it is a part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc. The exposed rocks in this area are mainly composed of volcanic units, tuffs, andesite and basaltic andesite. Also intrusive units include granite to granodiorite, and to a lesser extend quartz diorite rocks. Major alterations of the deposit include potassic, phyllic, argillic and propylitic, as well as intermediate alterations such as potassic-argillic and potassic-phyllic. The purpose of this research is to study the chemical features of biotite and Chlorite in order to investigate the physicochemical attributes of porphyry system during magmatic to hydrothermal transition in the patassic alteration. Based on the temperatures of reequilibrated biotite, at the time of magmatic to hydrothermal transition, the temperature ranged from 343 to 397° C. Also high magnesium nature of biotites, and their plotting in the boundary of magnetite-hematite (HM) and nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) buffering lines, as well as presence of magnetite with hematite rims indicate previlling of the high oxygen fugacity during potassic alteration.